The x86 bios firmware is raw binary of 16-bit real mode machine code. Upon CPU reset, it starts executing at 0xffff0 address, which is 16 bytes below 1MiB. This address space is typically mapped to the ROM containing the BIOS.

This video showcases a few interesting things: qemu isa-debugcon device, qemu monitor, rizin editor (radare2 fork), and coreboot.

Related reading: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/System_Initialization_of_Intel_x86_with_BIOS_Firmware

xDCI is a specification that includes features to allow programming a USB port to emulate a USB device. This article talks about kernel hardware support, BIOS flashing, PCH (Platform Controller Hub), PMC (Power Management Controller), NVRAM, efivars, and finally how to use the author's Raw Gadget tools to emulate USB devices.

This article taught me a lot on troubleshotting windows bluescreen problem, BIOS, ACPI, and how to reverse engineer firmwares.

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